AHK-Cu increases the number of fibroblasts and boosts the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which facilitates the formation of new blood vessels. It also reduces the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta1 in fibroblasts, an important step in countering the negative effects of DHT. This leads to reduced oxidative stress and stimulates hair growth by dermal papilla cells. Oxidative stress is responsible for triggering increased DHT production in scalp follicles, but the copper complex inhibits this stress by enhancing the production of SOD (Superoxide dismutase), which neutralizes potent free radicals like superoxide.